Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
M.A. Student, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
2
M.A. Student, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran.
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
10.22034/isqs.2026.54627.2497
Abstract
The present study aims to elucidate the psychological and social mechanisms of submissiveness to Satan and the strategies for immunity against him, with a focus on the verse: "Indeed, his authority is only over those who take him as an ally" (nahl/100). This research was conducted using a multi-stage qualitative method. Initially, employing Jāmeʿ al-Tafāsir software and a Qur'an-by-Qur'an interpretive approach, the semantic network of key concepts (Sulṭān, Tawallī, Waswasah, Ṭāghūt) was extracted, and the perspectives of exegetes were systematically organized. Subsequently, adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the interpretive findings were compared and integrated with theories of personality structure (Freud), self-determination (Deci & Ryan), hope (Snyder), positive emotions (Fredrickson), and principles of social influence (Cialdini). The findings indicate that Satan's dominion is not deterministic but rather the consequence of the voluntary process of Tawallī. At the intrapersonal level, this process is explained by the weakening of the "Min" (self/agentic self) and the relinquishing of autonomy to Satan under the promise of the false satisfaction of needs for competence and relatedness. At the social level, the "Party of Satan" (Ḥizb al-Shayṭān) normalizes sin through the engineering of "decoration" (Tazyīn) and the application of influence principles such as social proof. Conversely,
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