Quranic Studies and Islamic Culture

Abstract The rhythm resulted from the combination and established order of consonants and vowels in each word, verse and chapter (surah) of the Holly Qur'an, is an expression of the literary miracle of this divine book. Among different factors which shape this sense of rhythm, phonological  harmony and parallelism of  Quranic verse-final pauses (fawāṣil), play an outstanding role. The present research aims to investigate the phonological patterns of last phoneme in Quranic verse-final pauses (fawāṣil) based on Arabic phonemic inventories, in order to find is there a model for this phonological parallelism and if yes, how we can use it to distinguish between Makki and Madani surahs.The data are collected from The Quranic Arabic Corpus of Leeds University by using text data mining method. The discussion concludes that the clusters which consist of all last final phonemes of fawāṣil of each surah, don't express a unique pattern for phonological parallelism. However, binary clusters that include last phonemes of first and final verses' fawāṣil of each surah show peculiar character in regard to the place and manner of articulation of their members which can be used as a criteria to distinguish between Makki and Madani surahs.

Abstract With the advent of Islam, the art of writing the Qur'an and decorating it reached a high position with the Muslims. Because the pages of the divine book were always rich in the richest artistic arrays, their aesthetics represented a systematic link between the elements of the image and the text of the Qur'an. One of these features is reflected in the so-called symmetry order.
The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method. The purpose of this research is to recognize the aesthetic features, reflection symmetry in Sura Baqara written in Quran 1529 on the Astan Quds Razavi. And then the focal point of the letters is adapted in other similar Qurans.
The results of library studies on the basis of statistics indicate that the scribes of these manuscripts of the Qur'an, without being directly influenced by each other, have been able to approach the common geometric and musical order within the Quranic verses. Such an event, in addition to describing Iranian art, expresses the miracle hidden in the divine word that attracts its followers to the constructs themselves.
 

Abstract Cognitive science combines tools from psychology, computer science, linguistics, anthropology, philosophy and neuroscience to explain the functions of human intelligence. The complexity of "intelligence" and "mind" has led to the involvement and complementarity of these six disciplines in order to examine the substructure and superstructures in this regard. All of these six disciplines must interact continuously with each other and provide new data to each other and thus stay safe from reductionism. This has led cognitive science to be regarded as an Transdiscipline. Cognitive science can be useful in two aspects for Qur'anic interdisciplinary studies: 1- We could evaluate the relationship of a transdiscipline with Quranic studies; 2- Culture and mind are main principles in cognitive science and Quranic studies. Therefore, the use of cognitive sciences in the Quranic studies will be inevitable. So Cognitive science can have the following basic achievements for the Quranic studies: 1- They can draw mental processes. Specifically, in the Qur'anic studies, by the cognitive science one can understand that how the perception of the interpreter is made. 2- Cognitive sciences could explain the mental and cultural achievements and in particular the interpretive perceptions of Quranic verses. Cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, neuropsychiatry, and artificial intelligence are among the most basic sciences that can help the researcher achieve such a thing. Each of these sciences will also have its own methods and attributes to help with the Quranic studies

Abstract Therefore, it is far from real if the mystery of the indefiniteness of the Quran is attributed to the elements of the text,In this approach, the text is based on the findings of the semiotic domain, a system of signs or a set of signs and templates that Linked with each other, the text has given a feature of comprehensiveness, irreconcilability, and invincibility With the method of analyzing and adapting the content of the teaching of science with scientific data, in particular the field of semiotics of the text, these results are obtained from : First, the issue of secrecy and secrecy of the Quran belongs to the system of sign governing the text and the complex communication network of verses. Second,the text was  placed in the level of arrange is required for the systems and  internal harmony, Structure and the style of statement, the Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Relations, the network of meaning production, the system of signs and Convergence significance . the text with all of capabilities is form the theory of resistant text in challenge. This theory is representated  of this fact that text and it,s components recalled every audience and the text can create  different reactions on subject, as submission, admission, leaveness of challenge.

Abstract Considering the importance of Prophet Ibrahim as the founder of three monotheistic religions, orientalists in various works have addressed various aspects of the life of this prophet. Sprenger pointed out for the first time to the difference between the figure of Abraham in the Meccan and Medinan chapters, and the relation between Abraham and Mecca is myth. Hurgronje inspired by him, expanded this idea and by reconstructing Abraham's story in the Qur'an based on the historical sequence, the transformation of Abraham's figure into these surahs, In particular, the emphasis on the "mila’t Ibrahim", "Abraham's relationship with the construction of the Ka'bah and the ritual of Hajj," "the connection of Abraham with Ishmael and the victim's story" in medinan chapters, is a political trick to attract the opinion of the Mecca from the disappointment of the Prophet with the support of the Medinan Jews. In serious and ancient controversy over the sacrifice, despite the Qur'anic and biblical evidence that Ishmael was cursed, two important points raised from the teachings of the prophets are noteworthy in this story: The main purpose of the victim's trial is to test the ultimate command of Abraham and his son in the context of the divine command and the other is the effect of this incident in restoring the evil culture of human sacrifice in ancient times. In this paper, we will criticize this theory by explaining these theories and referring to its effects in later studies.

Abstract  Attributes of Anthropomorphism in some verses of the Qur'an are those that,for some reason such as the approximation of meaning to the minds of the audience, attribute to the Lord the physical members of the servants.This has become a challenging issue in the field of theology; Becausetheman, on the one hand, falls into the habit of believing every object in the pursuit of attributing Anthropomorphism to that object and in the other hand, religious texts emphasize the transformation of this. However, among the Muslims, only the Ash'arites insist on the absence of such a transformation, and attribute the least amount of physicality to God on the Day of Judgment.Since the abovementioned thought can be interpreted from the appearance of the words of such verses, if the translator does not use the necessary precision, the Quran translation will bring physicality closer to the audience belief.The present study aims to investigate how these verses are restored in an analytical-descriptive method in three leadingtranslations of the Russian Qur'an (Karachovsky, Uthmanov, and Prokhova), and answered the question whether in these translations it is possible to interpret the meaning of " God's physicality" by a Russian-speaking audience?The result is that, despite the little attention of Uthman to some of these interpretations, all three translations are faced with a serious deficiency and induce physicality.Therefore, due to the shortcomings of the Russian language in the presentation of the lexical interpretation of such verses, an interpretative translation should be provided.