نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علیرضا حیدری سه ده ¹
• غزاله رضایی ²

¹ دانشگاه فرهنگیان،استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی. تهران ایران

² استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی ،دانشگاه فرهنگیان .تهران.ایران

چکیده

در چهار آیه از آیات قرآن کریم، سه واژه تلاوت، تزکیه و تعلیم کنار هم ذکر شده‌اند. دریکی از این آیات، تعلیم بر تزکیه مقدم شده است. و در سه آیه دیگر، تزکیه بر تعلیم پیشی گرفته است. ازآنجاکه ترتیب واژگان در قرآن کریم حکمت‌آمیز است، مفسران از دیرباز به تفاوت این همنشینی توجه داشته و دلایل مختلفی برای آن ارائه کرده‌اند. مطالعات صورت گرفته پیرامون تقدم و تأخر تزکیه و تعلیم، برسه دیدگاه کلی تأکید داشته‌اند: برخی تقدم تزکیه بر تعلیم را محدود به شرایط زمانی خاص دانسته‌اند. برخی تعلیم را مقدمه‌ای ضروری برای تزکیه می‌دانند؛ و گروهی دیگر تقدم تزکیه را دارای مبنای رتبی و ارزشی می‌دانند.
این پژوهش، با رویکرد تحلیل محتوا و تدبر در فقرات قرآنی، دلایل فوق را موردبررسی قرار داده ونشان می‌دهد که با توجه به اشتراک میان سیاق مقامی درخواست تربیت و سیاق مقامی تحقق آن، همچنین وحدت موضوع دعا و اجابت (تربیت) و تقدم تلاوت به‌عنوان پیش‌نیاز هر دو مقوله تزکیه و تعلیم، این تفاسیر نمی‌توانند توجیه‌گر تفاوت همنشینی باشند.
 نگارنده با تأکید بر ظواهر قرآنی، تفاوت همنشینی را بر اساس تفاوت نگاه بشری و زاویه دید افقی حضرت ابراهیم (ع) در مقایسه با ترتیب الهی مراحل تربیت تبیین می‌کند. براین اساس، این تفاوت همنشینی نشان‌دهنده‌ی ترتیب صحیح مراحل تربیت از دیدگاه خداوند است. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند به‌عنوان الگویی برای طراحی برنامه‌های تربیتی مبتنی بر مراحل قرآنی مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تلاوت
• تعلیم
• تزکیه
• تفاسیر
• تقدم
• آیات قران

موضوعات

• مطالعات قرآنی

عنوان مقاله [English]

A new look at the association of the words recitation, purification, and teaching in the verses of the Holy Quran with a critique of interpretations

نویسندگان [English]

• Ali reza Heydari she deh ¹
• ghazaleh rezay ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

² استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی ،دانشگاه فرهنگیان .تهران.ایران

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The miracle of the Holy Quran depends on the combination of words and their application. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect on the verses that speak about a specific axis with different combinations. One group of these verses is the four verses that refer to the guidance of the Prophet (PBUH) and express the recitation, purification, and teaching of the Book and wisdom with different combinations as stages of guidance. The careful analysis of this group of verses, in addition to being an approach to the miracle of the Quran, also illuminates the guidance strategy for educators based on the stages of guidance in the Quran.
The research question is, from a Quranic perspective, what is the relationship between the combination of these words? Should purification be prioritized over teaching or teaching over purification, or is simultaneousness the most desirable method?
Research background
Numerous studies have been conducted regarding the order of recitation, purification, and teaching in the verses of the Quran. Since the focus of this article is on criticizing the views of commentators, this section will provide a general review of related research, which is mainly based on Quranic interpretations:
In total, three main views have been put forward in this field

Time limit for the priority of purification over education

Some researchers consider the priority of purification over education to be limited to the specific conditions of the Prophethood era and do not consider it a comprehensive educational principle.
Mohammad Hassani (2006) states in an article with this approach: “The priority of purification over education in the verses of the Quran is focused on the specific social conditions of the Prophethood era and is not considered a general and permanent rule in education. Also, this priority is more concerned with the specific content of the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH), and the assumption of the rank priority of purification over education causes a false separation and distinction between education and upbringing.” (Hosani, 2006: p. 119)
This view is a matter of reflection, considering the finality of the Prophet (PBUH) and the eternity of the Quran; because finality requires that divine commands be valid for all ages. In addition, the argument of this theory is based on the lack of distinction between education and upbringing, while in the Quran, the word "education" is used to mean physical and bodily development (Isra: 24). Accordingly, this theory's reliance on the lack of distinction between education and upbringing requires revision (Baqari, 2007, vol. 4: p. 38)

Education is the prelude to purification

The second view considers education to be prior to purification and cites verse 129 of Surah Al-Baqarah, in which education is prior to purification. Allama Tabataba'i (1417 AH) states:
"The verse in which education is given priority over purification is in the position of the request of the Prophet Abraham (AS) to God. Since in the external world, knowledge is the prelude to action, in this verse education is mentioned before purification. However, in the verses in which purification is given priority over education, it is a description of the way the Prophet (PBUH) raised the believers, and in this position, purification takes priority over education." (Tabatabai, Vol. 19: p. 447)
According to this theory, knowledge of religious teachings is a factor in creating motivation for purification. However, this view does not pay attention to the fact that the necessary knowledge for purification is not achieved solely through the study of the Book and wisdom. Rather, reciting the verses can also provide this knowledge. This point will be examined in the section on criticism of interpretations

The priority of purification over education

The third view accepts the priority of purification over education as a Quranic principle and considers it to be based on the verses of the Quran itself
Zahra Abbasi (2012) writes in her thesis, examining the priority and delay of education and purification: “In the prayer of Prophet Abraham (PBUH), the priority of education over purification indicates the natural state of teaching theoretical sciences, but in cases where purification is mentioned first, this priority is not temporal, but rather a priority of rank. In these cases, the meaning of knowledge is present and intuitive knowledge that can only be achieved through purification and purification of the soul.” (Abbasi, 2012, abstract)
These two views are based on different Quranic interpretations. However, given that the concepts of recitation, purification, and teaching have the same meaning in all four verses, and the purpose of prayer and response in training is the same, these interpretations can also be criticized and will be examined in the following sections of the article.
Research method
This research, with the approach of content analysis and reflection on Quranic verses, examines the above reasons and shows that considering the commonality between the official context of requesting training and the official context of its realization, as well as the unity of the subject of prayer and response (training) and the priority of recitation as a prerequisite for both categories of purification and training, these interpretations cannot justify the difference in combination.
Result
In interpretations, the reasons for the difference in combination of recitation, purification, and teaching in four verses of the Holy Quran can be summarized in two general reasons: 1. Difference in official context 2. Difference in external existence with importance and rank.
In our opinion, the combination of recitation, purification, and teaching in all four verses is based on the order of the stages of guidance. Considering the human perspective and horizontal perspective and throughout his time, Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) considers the sequence of guidance to be the accompaniment of recitation by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the teaching of the Book and wisdom by him in order to provide the prerequisites for purification and then the purification of individuals throughout history and based on the prerequisites provided by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and asks God for it. And God Almighty, in response to his prayer, states recitation, purification and teaching of the Book and wisdom as the correct sequence of stages of guidance and emphasizes this sequence in three verses and with this difference, states the accompaniment, purification as the introduction to accepting the Book and wisdom in the sense of the Quran and guardianship.
Considering the presence of the component of recitation in all three verses before purification and teaching, the problem of the necessity of teaching before purification is also eliminated. In other words, with a comprehensive look at these three components, there is no need to justify the appearance of the verses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Keywords: recitation
• teaching
• purification
• interpretations
• precedence
• verses of the Quran